Chromosomes are bundles of coiled DNA located in the nucleus of almost every cell in our body which contains our genetic information that we inherit from our parents
According to their shapes
Metacentric chromosomes have the centromere in the center, such that both sections are of equal length. Human chromosome 1 and 3 are metacentric.
Submetacentric chromosomes have the centromere slightly offset from the center leading to a slight asymmetry in the length of the two sections. Human chromosomes 4 through 12 are submetacentric.
Acrocentric chromosomes have a centromere which is severely offset from the center leading to one very long and one very short section. Human chromosomes 13,15, 21, and 22 are acrocentric.
Telocentric chromosomes have the centromere at the very end of the chromosome. Humans do not possess telocentric chromosomes but they are found in other species.
Submetacentric chromosomes have the centromere slightly offset from the center leading to a slight asymmetry in the length of the two sections. Human chromosomes 4 through 12 are submetacentric.
Acrocentric chromosomes have a centromere which is severely offset from the center leading to one very long and one very short section. Human chromosomes 13,15, 21, and 22 are acrocentric.
Telocentric chromosomes have the centromere at the very end of the chromosome. Humans do not possess telocentric chromosomes but they are found in other species.
According to the type of information
As I explained, DNA is a long chain created with chromosomes but chromosomes are also made of RNA which is molecule implicated in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
DNA is vital for all living beings – even plants. It is important for inheritance, coding for proteins and the genetic instruction guide for life and its processes. DNA holds the instructions for an organism's or each cell’s development and reproduction and ultimately death.
Gene mutations can variate depending on different things causing lots of problems.
By efects on structure, malfunction can occure such as DNA replications by adding extra nucleotides into the DNA or by having less nucleotides than it should.
By efects on function, nucleotides can stop working and giving the information they should and they can end up being lethal.
By efects on fitness, this mutations can be beneficial increasing the fitness of the organism and by efects of protein inpact, the proteins can create different reactions to the people that inherits the information.
By efects on structure, malfunction can occure such as DNA replications by adding extra nucleotides into the DNA or by having less nucleotides than it should.
By efects on function, nucleotides can stop working and giving the information they should and they can end up being lethal.
By efects on fitness, this mutations can be beneficial increasing the fitness of the organism and by efects of protein inpact, the proteins can create different reactions to the people that inherits the information.
Haz clic aquí para modificar.To conclude, I would like to leave some debate ideas so we can, in class and nicely, have a chat and discuss about our opinions in the genetics therme.
Click HERE to get the link and download the debate
Click HERE to get the link and download the debate